Facts to know about a Certificate of Occupancy (C of O) in Nigeria’s housing sector

A C of O is a legal document that officially confirms ownership of land or property by the holder.
It is issued by the state government and signed by the governor or an authorized official.
Typically grants land ownership for a period of 99 years.
The C of O is governed by the Land Use Act of 1978, which places all land under state control.
Necessary for buying, selling, leasing, or mortgaging property.
A valid survey plan is essential for the application process.
It serves as the strongest proof of ownership and is often needed in legal disputes.
Having a C of O can significantly increase the value of the property.
Landowners without a C of O may apply for one to regularize ownership.
It is often required before obtaining building permits or approvals.
A C of O can be transferred to heirs or beneficiaries through inheritance.
The process can take several months and involves multiple steps, including verification of the land’s status.
The government checks for any encumbrances on the land before issuing a C of O.